Georgia History
The African-American Civil rights movement refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against the African Americans and restoring suffrage in southern states. Some of the main aims of the civil rights movements were racial dignity, economic and political self sufficiency, and freedom from oppression by white Americans. Some of the organizations that were active in the civil rights movement include NAACP, SNCC, CORE and SCLC. The struggle was not only about just civil rights, but also about fundamental issues of freedom, respect, dignity and economic and social equality.
In the United States, there were particular aspects of civil rights movements that were the most important throughout the American history this was performed by the black race in Georgia in the southern part for the full movement and the struggle the equality in all races. From the past the black community had once demonstrated and protested in many ways that include strikes and mass demonstrations. In the late times of the World War 2 the black community had been their vote, treated with ongoing discrimination and segregated in most aspects of life. In spite of all these, the new issue of race relations was brought forward.
During the civil rights movement, the ordinary men and women came together to challenge the nation to utilize its founding values of justice, liberty, life, and the need for happiness to its people regardless of the color. From the south all people from different social classes, educations levels, and religions came together to practice the principles of nonviolence, civil action and democracy.
The struggle for the civil rights movement had started long before the southern civil rights movement hit first the American news in the years 1950s and 1960s. Here, the leaders of the community mainly from the Atlanta and Savanna were against the isolation of the transport meant for the public and the resistance to the white domination to the state house even when there are times of executions and oppression (Mark, 2000, p. 23). A better example for this demonstration is by the washerwomen of Atlanta that came together to protest for better pay.
When the century was about to be over, the political leaders and the bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal supported these movements by the backto-Africa programmes. Therefore, as a result of this the black community of the Georgians benefited from the provision of the social institutions, churches and schools that were located at their remote locations. After the World War 2, there was a major change in the civil rights struggle in Georgia. Due to the war there were some rise in the major economic changes that included industrialization, urbanization, and the decrease in the power of the planter elite. The black veterans faced the white supremacy and performed some riots in the army bases. The African American leaders were provided for a better opportunity to press for the racial change in the southern part of America as a result of the political turmoil of the World War 2 when the US fought for the democracy in Europe.
In the America, there were a number of activists that helped in the fight for the civil rights of other African-Americans. These included, Jefferson Franklin Long, Alonzo Herndon, Joseph E. Lowery, Hosea Williams, Ralph David Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Junior and Andrew Jackson Young among others. These are among the people who managed to fight for the civil rights of the African-Americans people in the history of Georgia.
For the case study of this research paper, we are going to give a wider perspective on one civil rights activists and his role in the fight for the civil rights of the African-Americans. He is Martin Luther king, Jr.
Martin was born on January 15, 1929 and was one of the Americas leading civil rights activists. He joined the civil rights movement, educating black activists and white pacifists in non violent protest tactics. Surrounded by fear, loathing and constant FBI surveillance, king remained dedicated to his cause. Under his influence, different organizations sprang up, practicing non violent direct action such as sit inns, freedom rides and boycotts.
There are several aspects of the civil rights movements in Georgia these are those actions that these civil rights movements engaged themselves in, in the fight for civil freedom. For instance, on Thursday, December 1, 1955, Rosa parks refused to give up her seat on a Birmingham bus, setting a chain of events that catapulted King to world fame. Several groups within Montgomerys black community decided to take action against segregated sating on the city buses. This was a situation where the black were discriminated against in the city buses as they were expected to seat on the back seats of the bus or stand up leaving seats for the pure white. The NAACP, the womens political council, the Baptist Ministers Conference and the citys African Methodist Episcopal (AME), Zionist ministers united with the community to organize a bus boycott. After a successful beginning of the boycott on Monday, the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) came into being that afternoon, and Martin Luther King accepted the presidency. His oratory at that evenings mass meeting roused the crowds enthusiasm, and the boycott continued. It took 381 days of struggle to bring the boycott to a successful conclusion.
As MIA leader, Martin King became the focus of the white hatred. On the afternoon of January 26th, King was arrested for the first time, spending some time in jail before being released. About midnight he was awakened by a hate phone call. As he sat thinking the dangers of his family, he had his first profound religious experience.
In April, the U.S Supreme court struck down laws requiring bus segregation. Montgomerys mayor refused to yield. After long legal procedures, the supreme courts order to end bus segregation was served in Montgomery on Thursday, December 20, 1956. Despite jeopardized jobs, intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan, police harassment, and bombings, the success of the boycott became apparent when Martin King and several allies boarded a public bus in front of Kings home on December 21, 1956.
Martin King was in Atlanta when five bombings went off at parsonages and churches in Montgomery in the early morning of January 10, 1957. On this date, a two day meeting was scheduled to begin in Ebenezer Baptist Church to lay out plans to create an organization to maintain the momentum of the movement for change throughout Georgia. Martin King returned to Montgomery to inspect the bomb damage and was present for only final hours of the meeting. In a follow up meeting in New Orleans on February 14, the group adopted the name Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and elected Martin as the president. Martin Luther made his first trip abroad to attend the independence ceremonies in Ghana on March 5, 1958. In June, King received the NAACPs Springam medal for his leadership.
King and his organization became increasingly estranged from the NAACPs Roy Wilkins, who feared the effect of another mass black organization on the NAACPs branches in the south and also disapproved of the SCLCs call for direct action. Nonetheless, King pressed forward and the SCLCs plans for a voter registration drive beginning in 1958 went forward. In need of a capable organizer at the Atlanta office, the SCLCs first choice was Bayard Rustin, who was a very effective worker but also vulnerable to smears because of his homosexuality, he did find a role at SCLC in a less visible position. Ella Baker came to Atlanta and took Rustins position and shouldered much of the organizational work for the SCLC. In spite of her efforts, the 1958 voter registration drive failed to attract much tension, and the SCLC seemed on the point of disappearing.
From the work of writing the book on the Montgomery boycott, Stride Towards Freedom, he benefited from the very frank criticism of white New York lawyer Stanley D. Levinson, who became one of kings most trusted advisors. Levinson was also a key factor in the FBIs later surveillance of the King, there allegations of a connection between the Levinson and the communist party that formed one of the legal bases for wiretaps of kings telephone communication.
In June of 1958, King joined A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, and National Urban league leader Lester B. Granger in an unsatisfactorily meeting with president Dwight D. Eisenhower. In September King was again arrested in Montgomery as he tried to enter a court room. King decided to serve a 14-day jail sentence for refusing to obey an officer rather than paying a fine of 14. He avoided jail time however, as police commissioner paid the fine to avoid the publicity King would have garnered. After this police incident, while at a book signing, King was stabbed by a deranged woman.
Another aspect of Civil rights movement in Georgia was the Sit-ins. The student activism provided the spark that gave new life to the civil rights movement. On February 1, 1960, four students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical college, demanded a service at a Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro and continued to sit after their demands were refused. The sit-ins spread rapidly across the south and in Georgia it was no exception. The first contact between the students and the SCLC occurred on February 16, 1960 as king delivered a well-received speech at a meeting held in Durham to coordinate more sit-ins. The ongoing legal procedures would be a matter of great concern to king until an all-white jury returned a verdict of not guilty on May 28, after a three day trial.
On October 2, 1960, King reluctantly joined a renewal of sit-ins at Richs Department store in Atlanta. He was arrested and spent his first night ever in jail. A compromise freed all participants except the King, who was held as being in violation of the terms of probation for an earlier traffic ticket. Sentenced to four month term prison, he was taken to state prison at Reidsville, Georgia. Continued legal efforts secured Kings release after eight days in jail. In spite of his private reservations, King spoke in favor of a compromise desegregation in Alabama, and even in Georgia, and won the support of student organizers, who had vociferously labeled the plan a sell out.
Apart from the sit-ins, its evidently clear that another aspect of the civil rights movements in Georgia was the fact that the movements spoke directly ill of the segregation rights in Georgia, they feared no repercussions, but rebuked the laws of segregation in America and more precisely in Georgia, this was a motivation of the civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. he continued a heavy speaking program, bringing in sizable amounts of money to finance SCLC. In August SCLC joined SNCC, the NAACP, the National Urban League, and CORE in establishing the Voter Education program (VEP). Over the years, considerable friction surfaced between the VEP and SCLC over the SCLCs handling of money and its lackluster efforts in some areas. The leading organization of black Baptists also attacked King at this time. Under its leader, Joseph H. Jackson, the National Baptist Convention opposed the Sit-ins.
In the process of trying to increase the local leaders, the volunteers of SNCC made their residents on the black belt. This was because the place was far away from the attention from the journalists that covered the civil rights movement. Due to this many of the students were shot and the student leaders were charged with insurrection in Americus. This was a crime that was considered to have carried a death penalty. The students were though released but the felicity and the strength of the supremacists economy meat that the work that was done by the SNNC was only gradual and for the long term. In the long run, some of the leaders like Sherrod finally came to make the region a permanent residence for their stay.
The struggle for the civil rights did not come to a stop when there was the passing of the federal civil rights legislation in 1964 and in the year 1965. This legislation addressed the problems that faced the black community in a far much less extent, the issues of unemployment, the squalid housing and the police brutality were less addressed. Riots arose in the state of Atlanta in 1970 this led to the torture and murder of a black teenager in the city jail. In the same year, a very large riot occurred in Georgia where that led to adverse effects.
A group of SNCC workers became sympathetic to the separation of the black power and sought to organize a project that was motivated to help the poor. This was one of the motivations that led to the matching of the black leaders to warn the back visitors not to the sun go down on their heads. More generally, there was an accompaniment of the new phrase that was talking about the Georgias struggle for the racial discrimination. This led to the enforcement of the integration by many cities.
By 1980 the Georgians still led by having the largest number of protestors but had less than 10 percent of those selected in office as the officials of the state. However, there was some small identifiable success in the election of some of their officials such as Maynard Jackson as the Mayor in 1973 who was the first black congressman from Georgia. On the part of education there was the hastening of the integration of the schools and the protection of the jobs for the senior black teachers.
There was the one of the most important participants of the civil rights movement in the years 1950s and 1960s called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This organization was based in Atlanta though its leaders were based in Georgia. This party originated in the mid-twenties when the blacks who were returning from the world war were did not accept the injustices at home as they fought abroad. Dr. King after discussion with Bayard Rustin and other advisors then met at Atlanta together with 60 Black ministers across the south for a discussion that was based on the formation of a permanent organization that took lead in the protest against the isolation and be able to give some mutual aid in the time of struggle. This organization was governed by the election Board.
Georgia had been considered as the capital of the American south the black activists that were from this community were far from the middle class. About half of the black men in the city were the laborers and about 70 percent of the women were domestics. At around the beginning of 1960s the average black families were earning less than half of the average white family. The black race was discriminated by the white community in the work place. This led to the black workers feeling that they denied their rights and many fought so hard during the civil rights movements. With the support of veteran civil rights leaders and white Leftist sympathizers, Atlantas black workers built a movement in hopes of eliminating disparate treatment and unequal pay.
A series of strikes among black workers with similar grievances was not spontaneous during an examination of the period that led to the 1972 reveals in this phenomenon. The evolution of the social and political climate led to the sentiment to these actions. The prevailing political dialogue was based particularly to a race that related to economic disparity. Due to this there was an eruption of strikes, the black workers that were endured with racism and inequality conditions, interacted with a network for the protests geared towards the white supremacy.
Through the inspiration of Martin Luther, a small group in the southern America liberals contributed to the fight for the civil rights. An example is one of the novelists in Georgia known as Lillian Smith who spoke about the segregation that were taking place at those times. She also praised those who were not novelists of their movement in one of her books called our faces, our worlds. Another activists was Pauley who was against the racial discrimination in the year 1940s, this is the time that she joined the Georgia League of voters. After this moment, she worked for Georgia Council on Human Relations as an executive director this is the time that she tried to reduce the racial discrimination by encouraging interaction in the organization.
Another aspect of the Civil rights movements is the Atlanta learning institutions. The universities in Atlanta, Georgia, also participated in the civil rights movement in the southern America. There was a students organization that participated highly in the protests called the Atlanta University Center (AUC). It played a vital role in the citys vital rights activities. The student leaders led the political implications and some demonstrations in the southern American to show their concern about the civil rights. Among the things that were done, the students directed to an action that had an intention of bringing an objective lesson to the country. It is clear that they got influences from Martin Luther King, Jr.
As normal and expected peaceful protestors of the black community who were accelerated by the crowds that jeered them, opposed the image that was created by Hartsfield that stated that the city was too busy to be hated. At that time, they led to an invitation of the presidential candidate, John Kennedy to explain the reason for the arrest of Dr. King, though he did explain through the phone.
In the Christmas season, the black community boycotted from doing work therefore leading to a financial loss that was experienced thus leading to the economic down fall in the city of Georgia. On the other hand, the students had made an attempt to file a law suit to be able to bring to an end to the segregation and racial discrimination in all the public and also the recreational facilities in the city of Atlanta, this took place in the year 1961 on May. This led to an action being taken by the white merchants desegregating their restaurants and also their lunch centers. It also led to the desegregation of the citys public pools and parks that was ordered by the federal district court, this happened in the year 1962.
Another aspect that was evident of the civil rights movements in the Georgia is the fact that schools were segregated from the black community this led to a rise in the concern by the political leaders. There were some organizations that were on the fore front for the mass protest. Organizations such as the NAACP, the Help Our Public Education (HOPE), and the Organization Assisting Schools (OASIS) stated to find ways in which the isolation was to be minimized so that the public schools will stay open for the benefit of all. They went further to stimulate mass resistance and finally the closing of t he segregated schools instead of integrating them.
We can therefore conclude that, the particular aspects of civil rights movements in Georgia included the actions of students, political activists, religious leaders and scholars for instance lawyers. Some of the practices they engaged themselves in as discussed above are the include demonstrations and boycotts sit-ins and go slows publicly rebuking segregation laws in Georgia formation of political movements and parties and most importantly coming together as a group to fight for the rights of the black people.
In the United States, there were particular aspects of civil rights movements that were the most important throughout the American history this was performed by the black race in Georgia in the southern part for the full movement and the struggle the equality in all races. From the past the black community had once demonstrated and protested in many ways that include strikes and mass demonstrations. In the late times of the World War 2 the black community had been their vote, treated with ongoing discrimination and segregated in most aspects of life. In spite of all these, the new issue of race relations was brought forward.
During the civil rights movement, the ordinary men and women came together to challenge the nation to utilize its founding values of justice, liberty, life, and the need for happiness to its people regardless of the color. From the south all people from different social classes, educations levels, and religions came together to practice the principles of nonviolence, civil action and democracy.
The struggle for the civil rights movement had started long before the southern civil rights movement hit first the American news in the years 1950s and 1960s. Here, the leaders of the community mainly from the Atlanta and Savanna were against the isolation of the transport meant for the public and the resistance to the white domination to the state house even when there are times of executions and oppression (Mark, 2000, p. 23). A better example for this demonstration is by the washerwomen of Atlanta that came together to protest for better pay.
When the century was about to be over, the political leaders and the bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal supported these movements by the backto-Africa programmes. Therefore, as a result of this the black community of the Georgians benefited from the provision of the social institutions, churches and schools that were located at their remote locations. After the World War 2, there was a major change in the civil rights struggle in Georgia. Due to the war there were some rise in the major economic changes that included industrialization, urbanization, and the decrease in the power of the planter elite. The black veterans faced the white supremacy and performed some riots in the army bases. The African American leaders were provided for a better opportunity to press for the racial change in the southern part of America as a result of the political turmoil of the World War 2 when the US fought for the democracy in Europe.
In the America, there were a number of activists that helped in the fight for the civil rights of other African-Americans. These included, Jefferson Franklin Long, Alonzo Herndon, Joseph E. Lowery, Hosea Williams, Ralph David Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Junior and Andrew Jackson Young among others. These are among the people who managed to fight for the civil rights of the African-Americans people in the history of Georgia.
For the case study of this research paper, we are going to give a wider perspective on one civil rights activists and his role in the fight for the civil rights of the African-Americans. He is Martin Luther king, Jr.
Martin was born on January 15, 1929 and was one of the Americas leading civil rights activists. He joined the civil rights movement, educating black activists and white pacifists in non violent protest tactics. Surrounded by fear, loathing and constant FBI surveillance, king remained dedicated to his cause. Under his influence, different organizations sprang up, practicing non violent direct action such as sit inns, freedom rides and boycotts.
There are several aspects of the civil rights movements in Georgia these are those actions that these civil rights movements engaged themselves in, in the fight for civil freedom. For instance, on Thursday, December 1, 1955, Rosa parks refused to give up her seat on a Birmingham bus, setting a chain of events that catapulted King to world fame. Several groups within Montgomerys black community decided to take action against segregated sating on the city buses. This was a situation where the black were discriminated against in the city buses as they were expected to seat on the back seats of the bus or stand up leaving seats for the pure white. The NAACP, the womens political council, the Baptist Ministers Conference and the citys African Methodist Episcopal (AME), Zionist ministers united with the community to organize a bus boycott. After a successful beginning of the boycott on Monday, the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) came into being that afternoon, and Martin Luther King accepted the presidency. His oratory at that evenings mass meeting roused the crowds enthusiasm, and the boycott continued. It took 381 days of struggle to bring the boycott to a successful conclusion.
As MIA leader, Martin King became the focus of the white hatred. On the afternoon of January 26th, King was arrested for the first time, spending some time in jail before being released. About midnight he was awakened by a hate phone call. As he sat thinking the dangers of his family, he had his first profound religious experience.
In April, the U.S Supreme court struck down laws requiring bus segregation. Montgomerys mayor refused to yield. After long legal procedures, the supreme courts order to end bus segregation was served in Montgomery on Thursday, December 20, 1956. Despite jeopardized jobs, intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan, police harassment, and bombings, the success of the boycott became apparent when Martin King and several allies boarded a public bus in front of Kings home on December 21, 1956.
Martin King was in Atlanta when five bombings went off at parsonages and churches in Montgomery in the early morning of January 10, 1957. On this date, a two day meeting was scheduled to begin in Ebenezer Baptist Church to lay out plans to create an organization to maintain the momentum of the movement for change throughout Georgia. Martin King returned to Montgomery to inspect the bomb damage and was present for only final hours of the meeting. In a follow up meeting in New Orleans on February 14, the group adopted the name Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and elected Martin as the president. Martin Luther made his first trip abroad to attend the independence ceremonies in Ghana on March 5, 1958. In June, King received the NAACPs Springam medal for his leadership.
King and his organization became increasingly estranged from the NAACPs Roy Wilkins, who feared the effect of another mass black organization on the NAACPs branches in the south and also disapproved of the SCLCs call for direct action. Nonetheless, King pressed forward and the SCLCs plans for a voter registration drive beginning in 1958 went forward. In need of a capable organizer at the Atlanta office, the SCLCs first choice was Bayard Rustin, who was a very effective worker but also vulnerable to smears because of his homosexuality, he did find a role at SCLC in a less visible position. Ella Baker came to Atlanta and took Rustins position and shouldered much of the organizational work for the SCLC. In spite of her efforts, the 1958 voter registration drive failed to attract much tension, and the SCLC seemed on the point of disappearing.
From the work of writing the book on the Montgomery boycott, Stride Towards Freedom, he benefited from the very frank criticism of white New York lawyer Stanley D. Levinson, who became one of kings most trusted advisors. Levinson was also a key factor in the FBIs later surveillance of the King, there allegations of a connection between the Levinson and the communist party that formed one of the legal bases for wiretaps of kings telephone communication.
In June of 1958, King joined A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, and National Urban league leader Lester B. Granger in an unsatisfactorily meeting with president Dwight D. Eisenhower. In September King was again arrested in Montgomery as he tried to enter a court room. King decided to serve a 14-day jail sentence for refusing to obey an officer rather than paying a fine of 14. He avoided jail time however, as police commissioner paid the fine to avoid the publicity King would have garnered. After this police incident, while at a book signing, King was stabbed by a deranged woman.
Another aspect of Civil rights movement in Georgia was the Sit-ins. The student activism provided the spark that gave new life to the civil rights movement. On February 1, 1960, four students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical college, demanded a service at a Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro and continued to sit after their demands were refused. The sit-ins spread rapidly across the south and in Georgia it was no exception. The first contact between the students and the SCLC occurred on February 16, 1960 as king delivered a well-received speech at a meeting held in Durham to coordinate more sit-ins. The ongoing legal procedures would be a matter of great concern to king until an all-white jury returned a verdict of not guilty on May 28, after a three day trial.
On October 2, 1960, King reluctantly joined a renewal of sit-ins at Richs Department store in Atlanta. He was arrested and spent his first night ever in jail. A compromise freed all participants except the King, who was held as being in violation of the terms of probation for an earlier traffic ticket. Sentenced to four month term prison, he was taken to state prison at Reidsville, Georgia. Continued legal efforts secured Kings release after eight days in jail. In spite of his private reservations, King spoke in favor of a compromise desegregation in Alabama, and even in Georgia, and won the support of student organizers, who had vociferously labeled the plan a sell out.
Apart from the sit-ins, its evidently clear that another aspect of the civil rights movements in Georgia was the fact that the movements spoke directly ill of the segregation rights in Georgia, they feared no repercussions, but rebuked the laws of segregation in America and more precisely in Georgia, this was a motivation of the civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. he continued a heavy speaking program, bringing in sizable amounts of money to finance SCLC. In August SCLC joined SNCC, the NAACP, the National Urban League, and CORE in establishing the Voter Education program (VEP). Over the years, considerable friction surfaced between the VEP and SCLC over the SCLCs handling of money and its lackluster efforts in some areas. The leading organization of black Baptists also attacked King at this time. Under its leader, Joseph H. Jackson, the National Baptist Convention opposed the Sit-ins.
In the process of trying to increase the local leaders, the volunteers of SNCC made their residents on the black belt. This was because the place was far away from the attention from the journalists that covered the civil rights movement. Due to this many of the students were shot and the student leaders were charged with insurrection in Americus. This was a crime that was considered to have carried a death penalty. The students were though released but the felicity and the strength of the supremacists economy meat that the work that was done by the SNNC was only gradual and for the long term. In the long run, some of the leaders like Sherrod finally came to make the region a permanent residence for their stay.
The struggle for the civil rights did not come to a stop when there was the passing of the federal civil rights legislation in 1964 and in the year 1965. This legislation addressed the problems that faced the black community in a far much less extent, the issues of unemployment, the squalid housing and the police brutality were less addressed. Riots arose in the state of Atlanta in 1970 this led to the torture and murder of a black teenager in the city jail. In the same year, a very large riot occurred in Georgia where that led to adverse effects.
A group of SNCC workers became sympathetic to the separation of the black power and sought to organize a project that was motivated to help the poor. This was one of the motivations that led to the matching of the black leaders to warn the back visitors not to the sun go down on their heads. More generally, there was an accompaniment of the new phrase that was talking about the Georgias struggle for the racial discrimination. This led to the enforcement of the integration by many cities.
By 1980 the Georgians still led by having the largest number of protestors but had less than 10 percent of those selected in office as the officials of the state. However, there was some small identifiable success in the election of some of their officials such as Maynard Jackson as the Mayor in 1973 who was the first black congressman from Georgia. On the part of education there was the hastening of the integration of the schools and the protection of the jobs for the senior black teachers.
There was the one of the most important participants of the civil rights movement in the years 1950s and 1960s called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This organization was based in Atlanta though its leaders were based in Georgia. This party originated in the mid-twenties when the blacks who were returning from the world war were did not accept the injustices at home as they fought abroad. Dr. King after discussion with Bayard Rustin and other advisors then met at Atlanta together with 60 Black ministers across the south for a discussion that was based on the formation of a permanent organization that took lead in the protest against the isolation and be able to give some mutual aid in the time of struggle. This organization was governed by the election Board.
Georgia had been considered as the capital of the American south the black activists that were from this community were far from the middle class. About half of the black men in the city were the laborers and about 70 percent of the women were domestics. At around the beginning of 1960s the average black families were earning less than half of the average white family. The black race was discriminated by the white community in the work place. This led to the black workers feeling that they denied their rights and many fought so hard during the civil rights movements. With the support of veteran civil rights leaders and white Leftist sympathizers, Atlantas black workers built a movement in hopes of eliminating disparate treatment and unequal pay.
A series of strikes among black workers with similar grievances was not spontaneous during an examination of the period that led to the 1972 reveals in this phenomenon. The evolution of the social and political climate led to the sentiment to these actions. The prevailing political dialogue was based particularly to a race that related to economic disparity. Due to this there was an eruption of strikes, the black workers that were endured with racism and inequality conditions, interacted with a network for the protests geared towards the white supremacy.
Through the inspiration of Martin Luther, a small group in the southern America liberals contributed to the fight for the civil rights. An example is one of the novelists in Georgia known as Lillian Smith who spoke about the segregation that were taking place at those times. She also praised those who were not novelists of their movement in one of her books called our faces, our worlds. Another activists was Pauley who was against the racial discrimination in the year 1940s, this is the time that she joined the Georgia League of voters. After this moment, she worked for Georgia Council on Human Relations as an executive director this is the time that she tried to reduce the racial discrimination by encouraging interaction in the organization.
Another aspect of the Civil rights movements is the Atlanta learning institutions. The universities in Atlanta, Georgia, also participated in the civil rights movement in the southern America. There was a students organization that participated highly in the protests called the Atlanta University Center (AUC). It played a vital role in the citys vital rights activities. The student leaders led the political implications and some demonstrations in the southern American to show their concern about the civil rights. Among the things that were done, the students directed to an action that had an intention of bringing an objective lesson to the country. It is clear that they got influences from Martin Luther King, Jr.
As normal and expected peaceful protestors of the black community who were accelerated by the crowds that jeered them, opposed the image that was created by Hartsfield that stated that the city was too busy to be hated. At that time, they led to an invitation of the presidential candidate, John Kennedy to explain the reason for the arrest of Dr. King, though he did explain through the phone.
In the Christmas season, the black community boycotted from doing work therefore leading to a financial loss that was experienced thus leading to the economic down fall in the city of Georgia. On the other hand, the students had made an attempt to file a law suit to be able to bring to an end to the segregation and racial discrimination in all the public and also the recreational facilities in the city of Atlanta, this took place in the year 1961 on May. This led to an action being taken by the white merchants desegregating their restaurants and also their lunch centers. It also led to the desegregation of the citys public pools and parks that was ordered by the federal district court, this happened in the year 1962.
Another aspect that was evident of the civil rights movements in the Georgia is the fact that schools were segregated from the black community this led to a rise in the concern by the political leaders. There were some organizations that were on the fore front for the mass protest. Organizations such as the NAACP, the Help Our Public Education (HOPE), and the Organization Assisting Schools (OASIS) stated to find ways in which the isolation was to be minimized so that the public schools will stay open for the benefit of all. They went further to stimulate mass resistance and finally the closing of t he segregated schools instead of integrating them.
We can therefore conclude that, the particular aspects of civil rights movements in Georgia included the actions of students, political activists, religious leaders and scholars for instance lawyers. Some of the practices they engaged themselves in as discussed above are the include demonstrations and boycotts sit-ins and go slows publicly rebuking segregation laws in Georgia formation of political movements and parties and most importantly coming together as a group to fight for the rights of the black people.
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